In traditional Chinese Almanac culture, "Donning Mourning Clothes" (成服 - Cheng Fu) usually refers to an important ritual in a funeral—that is, putting on mourning apparel. This custom is closely related to ancient China's funeral and burial etiquette and is a part of traditional Chinese filial piety culture.
"Cheng Fu," or formally putting on mourning clothes, marks the beginning of the funeral. In ancient Chinese society, people attached great importance to funeral etiquette, viewing it as a crucial way to respect the deceased and express grief. Donning mourning clothes is not only an outlet for personal emotions but also a manifestation of the emotional connection among family members.
Determining the Relationship: First, decide which grade of mourning clothes to wear based on the kinship with the deceased. The ancient Chinese mourning apparel system was divided into five grades: Zhan Cui (unhemmed sackcloth), Zi Cui (hemmed sackcloth), Da Gong (large coarse cloth), Xiao Gong (small coarse cloth), and Si Ma (fine hemp cloth).
Preparing Mourning Clothes: Prepare the corresponding grade of mourning clothes according to the regulations. The material is generally coarse burlap or other undyed natural fabrics, symbolizing simplicity and sorrow.
Holding the Ritual: At a specific time (such as the third day after passing), family elders preside over the Cheng Fu ritual. Participants must take off their regular clothes and put on mourning apparel, expressing their grief during this process.
Duration: The length of time wearing mourning clothes depends on the closeness of the relationship with the deceased, ranging from a few months to three years.
In traditional Chinese culture, "filial piety" (Xiao) is regarded as one of the most important virtues. As a cultural phenomenon, "Cheng Fu" reflects the Chinese nation's reverence for filial piety since ancient times. It is not only an external formal manifestation but also a true revelation of inner emotions.
With the changes of the times and social development, the practical ways of the traditional custom of "Cheng Fu" have also changed in modern society. Although some regions still retain relatively complete funeral etiquette, this tradition has gradually been simplified or even faded during urbanization. However, on major occasions, such as the passing of national leaders, we can still see behaviors similar to "Cheng Fu"—wearing black armbands or white flowers—to express condolences.
In conclusion, as an important component of traditional Chinese funeral culture, "Cheng Fu" embodies people's respect for life, cherishing of family affection, and remembrance of the deceased. Although its manifestations may change over time, the values and emotional sustenance contained behind it remain unchanged.
